Adverbials of instrument are expressed by the prepositions ‘yòng/shǐyòng/ná +NP’ (use/take + NP), etc. Here are some examples:
2a. 中国人和东方许多国家的人都习惯使用筷子吃饭。
Zhōngguórén hé dōngfāng xǔduō guójiā de rén dōu xíguàn shǐyòng kuàizi chīfàn.
(The Chinese and many Oriental people are accustomed to using chopsticks to eat.)
2b. 这篇文章是用古汉语写的。
Zhè piān wénzhāng shì yòng gǔ Hànyǔ xiě de.
(This article is written in classic Chinese.)
2c. 目前，香港的中小学普遍使用粤语教学。
Mùqián，Xiāng Gǎng de zhōng-xiǎoxué pǔbiàn shǐyòng Yuèyǔ jiàoxué.
(At present, teaching is universally conducted in the Guangdong dialects in the primary and middle schools of Hong Kong.)
[1] Loar, J. K. (2011). Chinese syntactic grammar: functional and conceptual principles. New York: Peter Lang.
