With 本來是用來表達空間上同時存在的「相伴」關係,但也可以延伸做更廣的用法:
A man with long hair → 擁有(長頭髮)
He wrote the letter with caution. → 態度(小心翼翼)
I opened the can with a knife. → 工具(用刀)
後兩句的介系詞片語是用來說明動作的態度及方式,等同於副詞(修飾動詞或形容詞)的功能,也可改用對應的副詞:
He wrote the letter cautiously. = He wrote the letter with caution.
He made the tool manually. = He made the tool with hands.