中文說「除了⋯⋯以外」在語意上其實有兩種含意、兩個不同的面向:
1) 一種是「除了⋯⋯以外還有⋯⋯」,有增加補充、涵蓋在內的意思、如:in addition (to), besides:
Libraries offer various other services besides lending books.
In addition to a thick fog, there was heavy swell.
2) 另一種是「除了⋯⋯之外,其他都不一樣」,有排除、對比的功能,如except, except for:
We go to school every day except Sunday.
This book is good except for a few mistakes.